<%@LANGUAGE="VBSCRIPT" CODEPAGE="1252"%>Newsletter APRIL 04

   ONLINE CONTINUING ED CHRONICLE
    Online Continuing Ed for Case Managers, Rehab Nurses
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   APRIL 2004
   This issue is dedicated to the topic of  

   TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY - CLINICAL REVIEW, CASE STUDIES AND RESOURCE UPDATES

   View Prior Issues


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TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Included in this issue:

  • Introduction / Overview
    1. Brain Maps-Understanding the Healthy Brain, the Injured Brain and the Functions of the Brain
    2. TBI: Definition, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology
    3. Facts and Stats
  • Cognitive and Communication Disorders
  • Case Studies
  • Research
  • Rehab / Outcomes after Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Resources / Links / Forums / Chats / Support Groups
  • Humor and the Brain Injured
INTRODUCTION / OVERVIEW

Brain Injury is unpredictable in its consequences.

Brain injury effects who we are, the way we think, act and feel. It can change everything about us in a matter of seconds. The most important things to remember --

  • A person with a brain injury is a person first;
  • No two brain injuries are exactly the same;
  • The effects of a brain injury are complex and can vary greatly from person to person;
  • The effects of a brain injury depend on many factors, including cause, location, and severity, age of the person, etc.

A HEALTHY BRAIN

Before we can understand what happens when a brain is injured, we must realize what a healthy brain is made of and what it does.

FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN: Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital, Brain Stem

The brain is divided into main functional sections, called lobes. Each of these sections or brain lobes have a specific function --

AN INJURED BRAIN

When a brain injury occurs, the functions of the neurons, nerve tracts, or sections of the brain can be effected.

This can result in --

These changes can be temporary or permanent. They may cause impairment or a complete inability to perform a function.

DEFINITIONS

Traumatic Brain Injury: Definition, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology June, 2003

Mayo Clinic - Brain and Nervous System Definitions

CASE STUDIES

Winning the battle against traumatic train injury: One woman's fight for life. Not many people survive a gunshot wound to the head — and even fewer can recall details of the experience.

The following compilation of case studies will demonstrate the difficult and sometimes insurmountable challenges facing many of the Florida Institute’s clients after sustaining a brain injury. http://www.finr.com/casestudies/body_casestudies.html

Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

HUMOR and BRAIN INJURY

People With Brain Injury To Frontal Lobe Don't Get Certian Types of Humor

Humor Appreciation: A role of the right frontal lobe.

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Laughter is always the "BEST" Medicine
Humorous Quotes
Researchers have discovered that chocolate produces some of the same reactions in the brain as marijuana. The researchers also discovered other similarities between the two, but can't remember what they are."
---Matt Lauer on NBC's Today Show, Aug 22


You Caught a Virus
You caught a virus from your computer and we had to erase your brain. I hope you kept a back-up copy.

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ADVISORY BOARD
Toni Cesta, PhD, RN, FAAN
Elaine Cohen, EdD, RN, FAAN
Connie Commander,RN,CCM,CPUR
CMSA's Case Manager of the Year 2003
Vivian Campagna,
Director , Case Management
St. Clare's Hospital & Health Center,
New York, NY
Interested on being part of our Advisory Board? Contact us - 1-866-543-2273

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FACTS and STATS

Brain Injury of America - Facts and Stats
Comparison of Annual Incidence -

TBI: Magnitude, Who is Injured, Costs of Care

  • Direct and indirect costs of traumatic brain injury in the U.S. have been estimated to be $48.3 billion annually.
  • The lifetime costs for 1 person surviving a severe TBI can reach $4 million.
  • Medical costs are the highest for those who DO NOT survive -- an average of $454,717 per brain injury fatality.
COGNITIVE and COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
Required Reading

Traumatic Brain Injury: Cognitive and Communication Disorders


Cognitive and communication problems that result from traumatic brain injury vary from person to person. These problems depend on many factors which include an individual's personality, preinjury abilities, and the severity of the brain damage.

Course Outline

  • What Is Traumatic Brain Injury?
  • Who Suffers From Head Trauma?
  • What Are the Cognitive and Communication Problems that Result From Traumatic Brain Injury?
  • How Are the Cognitive and Communication Problems Assessed?
  • How Are the Cognitive and Communication Problems Treated?
  • What Research Is Being Done?
  • Where Can I Get Additional Information?
RESEARCH

Required Reading

Traumatic Brain Injury: Hope Through Research

One of the most pervasive types of injury following even a minor trauma is damage to the nerve cell's axon through shearing; this is referred to as diffuse axonal injury. This damage causes a series of reactions that eventually lead to swelling of the axon and disconnection from the cell body of the neuron.

One area of research that shows promise is the study of the role of calcium ion influx into the damaged neuron as a cause of cell death and general brain tissue swelling.

Course Outline

  • Introduction
  • What is a Traumatic Brain Injury?
  • What Are the Signs and Symptoms of TBI?
  • What Are the Causes of and Risk Factors for TBI?
  • What Are the Different Types of TBI?
  • What Medical Care Should a TBI Patient Receive?
  • How Does a TBI Affect Consciousness?
  • What Immediate Post-Injury Complications Can Occur From a TBI?
  • What Disabilities Can Result From a TBI?
  • Are There Other Long-Term Problems Associated With a TBI?
  • What Kinds of Rehabilitation Should a TBI Patient Receive?
  • How Can TBI be Prevented?
  • What Research is the NINDS Conducting?
  • Where Can I Find More Information?
  • Glossary
  • Information Resources
  • Traumatic Brain Injury Research Centers

RESEARCH cont'd

Latest Medical Research -- Updated: 04 Sept 2003

Research: Traumatic Brain Injury Model System

Therapeutic Hypothermia for Traumatic Brain Injury: Getting It Right

The Rehabilitation Research Center (RRC) for Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) conducts research to better understand and improve outcomes after TBI and SCI. Outcomes studies include the functional, vocational and life satisfaction areas that are important to people with and without disabilities

REHAB and OUTCOMES

Rehabilitation of Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury: Status of the Art and Science -- The goals of rehabilitation in TBI are extremely broad because of the enormous range of outcomes that are possible in TBI. An individual's social context shapes rehabilitation needs. Those with little social support must reach much higher levels of independence to survive outside a formal service system than those with well-developed social networks and financial resources.

A Guide to Selecting and Monitoring Brain Injury Rehabilitation Services

Measuring Outcomes: A Model for Post-Acute Rehabilitation -- An industry-wide acceptable dependent measure for persons in post-acute rehabilitation does not exist. There does exist, however, a relative consesus that measurement of outcomes for post-acute programs that focus on functional gains/skills training must include measurements of change in the following:

  • residental status
  • level of independence or assistance
  • level of community inclusion
  • level of participation in educational, vocational or productive activity pursuits.

Rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury

Day Rehab - The goal of day rehabilitation is to help patients of all ages:

  • transition back to work or school
  • enhance social and communication abilities
  • practice activities in a home-like environment and in the community with the support and guidance of rehab professionals.
RESOURCES / LINKS/ FORUMS/CHATS

Information Source for TBI

Case Management Resource Guide

Federal Disability Policies and Programs

Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center

Research and Training Center on Community Integration of Individuals with TBI

Traumatic Brain Injury Survival Guide

http://www.aizan.net/families/npsy_traumatic_brain_injury.htm

http://depts.washington.edu/rehab/care/resources_tbi.html

Legal and Financial Matters

Traumatic Brain Injury Resource Guide

Brain Matters: Bulletin Board

The Brain Trauma Foundation

COMI Ultimate Bulletin Board

Family Caregiver Alliance offers 4 different online support groups for caregivers and their loved ones.

Finding more help on the Internet

Model Truamatic Brain Injury Systems of Care

Medline: Head and Brain Injuries

National Resource Center for Traumatic Brain Injury

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